Hydrocarbon

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES ALKANE ALKENE ALCOHOL CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER GENERAL command CnH2n+2, where n= 1,2,3,.. CnH2n, where n= 2,3,4,.. CnH2n+1OH, where n= 1,2,3 CnH2n+1COOH, where n= -0,1,2,3,.. CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1, where n= 0,1,2,3,.. and m= 1,2,3,.. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon tinges inc, f. o. a inc, more heat overcome f. o. * Density pile per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc, f. o. a stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in piss, soluble in organic solvent(covalent comp) * Insulator * slight dense than water * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f. o. a inc, more heat overcome f. o. a * Density mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f. o. stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in water * Insulator * Less dense than water * MP&BP * Colourless liquid at RT * Volatile * soluble in waterDissolve in organic compund * Less dense than water * BP(118O C) * Colourless liquid at RT * Sharp & pungent smell * Soluble in water * Colourless liquid at RT * Fragrant smell * Volatile * Insoluble in water * Less dense than water STATE First 4 alkanes (gas) First 3 alkene(gas) - - - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES * CombustionComplete- carbon dioxide + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Substitution-Alkanes+halogen(Cl2,Br2)-exposed to sunlight/UV-hydrogen replace by halogen * Cracking-Long chain alkane flow over catalyst(silica,SiO2,alumina, Al2O3-temperature 500oC * CombustionComplete- CO2 + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Addition-halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation,hydrohalogenation, oxidation * PolymerisationCombine monomers to form polymers.